Showing posts with label rav shmuel palagi. Show all posts
Showing posts with label rav shmuel palagi. Show all posts

Sunday, April 26, 2009

One further reason for opposing Nirtza

(Note: Check out today's Haveil Havalim, hosted at Rechovot.)

Before I get to my defense of Nirtza, one final argument in favor of the position of Rav Shmuel Palagi follows. (Also, see part i, part ii, part iii, part iv, and part v, the last part which is actually a prequel.) I saw the following in the JPS Haggadah, but this is from memory from a week or two ago, and so I hope I do not misremember some critical point.

There, they point out that in the original version of Adir Hu, there is no kabbir hu, lamud hu, and at the end there was an acrostic of the author's name, Yaakov. I would note that lammud hu was one of the things which bothered Rabbi Shmuel Palagi.

How was lammud hu and kabbir hu added? They note that it was drawn from the lyrics of the associated song Ki Lo Naeh, which Rav Palagi also disliked. Thus:
יחיד במלוכה, כביר כהלכה, למודיו יאמרו לו:
לך ולך, לך כי לך, לך אף לך, לך יי הממלכה, כי לו נאה, כי לו יאה.


In this song, while kabbir is describing Hashem, limmudav is a reference to people who will be taught of Hashem: Thus, in Yeshaya 54:13:
יג וְכָל-בָּנַיִךְ, לִמּוּדֵי ה'; וְרַב, שְׁלוֹם בָּנָיִךְ. 13 And all thy children shall be taught of the LORD; and great shall be the peace of thy children.
That phrase is fine in Ki Lo Naeh, but when transferred to Adir Hu the way it was, we suddenly have a problem. Now it is an appellation of Hashem, rather than those who will be taught about Hashem. And the best translation of it is "He is learned." Besides not having a basis in Mikra, this certainly implies a deficiency in the Creator! For to be learned implies that He, at some point, had something to learn. And rather than being All-Knowing, He is "learned." Artscroll gets around this theological difficulty by translating it as "He is all-wise," but this is indeed not the best translation. That would be something like Chacham Hu.

Someone suggested it should mean "he is the subject of study." That would work out nicely with Ki Lo Naeh, but I don't think it works out grammatically, nor is it one of the listed translations in the dictionary. (If you have other evidence, please help me out in the comment section.) Rather, if it were so, it should be limmud hu. Perhaps the paytan made a simple grammatical error, though?

They also note, in the JPS Haggadah, that the Chasam Sofer said that lamud hu is heretical. I haven't seen this inside. But if so, it is a good, and famous, voice backing up Rav Palagi's assertion.

On the other hand, consider this:
בראשית רבה (וילנא) פרשת וישב פרשה פז
ה וימאן ויאמר אל אשת אדוניו וגו', יהודה ב"ר אמר בדבר מצוה ממאנין, בדבר עבירה אין ממאנין, בדבר מצוה ממאנין מאן יבמי, בדבר עבירה אין ממאנין וימאן ויאמר הן אדוני וגו', אמר לה למוד הוא הקב"ה להיות בוחר מאהובי בית אבא לעולה, לאברהם (בראשית כב) קח נא את בנך, אשמע ליך ושמא אבחר לעולה ואפסל מן הקרבן, ד"א ויאמר אל אשת אדוניו, א"ל למוד הקב"ה להיות נגלה על אוהבי בית אבא בלילה, אברהם (שם /בראשית/ טו) אחר הדברים האלה היה דבר ה' אל אברם במחזה, יצחק (שם /בראשית/ כו) וירא ה' אליו בלילה ההוא, יעקב (שם /בראשית/ כח) ויחלום והנה סולם, אשמע ליך ושמא יגלה עלי הקב"ה וימצא אותי טמא

and
במדבר רבה (וילנא) פרשת במדבר פרשה ג
ד"א מבן חדש א"ר יהודה הלוי בר ר' שלום למוד הוא הקב"ה להיות מונה בשבט הזה בכל מקום עד שהם קטנים מנין בשעה שאמר הקב"ה ליעקב שירד למצרים אותה שעה ספר את בניו נמצאו כולם ס"ו שנאמר (בראשית מו) כל נפש ששים ושש ושני בניו של יוסף ויוסף הרי ס"ט והוא אומר כל הנפש לבית יעקב הבאה מצרימה שבעים
א"ר שמעון בר נחמן למוד הוא הקב"ה למנות השבט הזה עד שהם במעי אמן,

אוצר המדרשים (אייזנשטיין) ילמדנו
(י"ז) ויאמר יעקב לבניו למה תתראו (בראשית מ"ב א'), למה אתם מתייראים מן הרעב, אל תתייראו, למוד הוא הקב"ה לעשות נסים לצדיקים בימי הרעב, כבר עשה כך בימי אבותי אברהם ויצחק, כך הוא עושה לי, בשנת בצורת לא ידאג (ירמיה י"ז ח'), אף לעתיד לא ירעבו ולא יצמאו (ישעיה מ"ט י


This is not really the same thing, and is certainly an incidental attribute.

Sefas Emes explains:
שפת אמת ויקרא פסח
למוד הוא. פי' שצמצם כביכול כחו והלביש עצם קדושתו באותיות התורה כמ"ש הביט בתורה וברא כו'. וכדאיתא אדם יושב ושונה כביכול הקב"ה יושב ושונה כנגדו:

Perhaps, but it seems like a terutz.

Next up, an attempted defense of singing the songs after Hallel.

Monday, April 20, 2009

Rav Shmuel Palagi on Piyutim

In the past few posts, I have reproduced Rav Shmuel Palagi's polemic on the piyutim in Nirtza. This is actually found in a broader polemic against piyutim in general, and against specific tachnunim. He begins with a complaint about a certain Yehi Ratzon. I skipped over that initially because I wanted to focus on the more topical Pesach material. However, the broader context is useful, and perhaps necessary, for understanding Rav Palagi's point. Not that I necessarily agree with his point. But we shall develop it first, and only then respond to it. The text follows. Drawn from this larger work, available at HebrewBooks.org. (Also, see part i, part ii, part iii, and part iv.)

The author says: All my days I have been aggravated by the nusach of the prayer of Yehi Ratzon which is printed in the siddurim of my brothers and people of my nation, the Sefardim. For some of the Chassidim are accustomed to say every day, after the 72 pesukim, beginning with {Tehillim 3:4}:
ד וְאַתָּה ה, מָגֵן בַּעֲדִי; כְּבוֹדִי, וּמֵרִים רֹאשִׁי. 4 But thou, O LORD, art a shield about me; my glory, and the lifter up of my head.
and after these 72 pesukim, they say a yehi ratzon filled with appellations referring to God, may His Name be Blessed.

And this prayer, Chazal disparaged it because of the multitude of appellations, as is brought down in masechet Berachot {33b} and Masechet Megillah:
A certain [reader] went down in the presence of R. Hanina and said, O God, the great, mighty, terrible, majestic, powerful, awful, strong, fearless, sure and honoured. He waited till he had finished, and when he had finished he said to him, Have you concluded all the praise of your Master? Why do we want all this? Even with these three that we do say, had not Moses our Master mentioned them in the Law and had not the Men of the Great Synagogue come and inserted them in the Tefillah, we should not have been able to mention them, and you say all these and still go on! It is as if an earthly king had a million denarii of gold, and someone praised him as possessing silver ones. Would it not be an insult to him?
Until here is the story involving this pious one {chassid}.
And the Rambam wrote in his honored sefer, chelek 1, perek 59, and this is his language: And see first that they silenced and disparaged the requirement of multiple appellations. And contemplate how to see how these appellations they left only to our intellect, not to say them ever and not to speak a matter of them. Howbeit, when it is necessary in the speech of mankind in that they must have some sort of form -- as they have said that the Torah speaks in the language of people --


such that they describe for themselves the Creator to the extent that they can, our purpose is to stand upon these statements and only read them when we read in the Torah.

However, since the Men of the Great Assembly, and prophets, came as well and arranged their mention in prayer, our purpose is to only say them {in prayer}.

And the main point of the explanation of this statement {of Rabbi Chanina} is that there are two factors are present when we pray using them {the appellations}. The first one is that they came in the Torah and the second one is that the prophets arranged the prayer with them. And without the first factor, we would not mention them. And without the second factor, we would not move them from their place {in the Torah} and would not pray with them. Yet you {say Rabbi Chanina} increase appellations!

Behold, it is already explained to you from these words that not everything that one finds from the ascribed appellations are fitting for us to pray with and to say. For he {=Rabbi Chanina} did not {merely} say, "had Moshe Rabbenu of blessed memory said them, we would not be able to say them. Rather, he imposed another {additional} condition, and said, "and the Men of the Great Assembly came and instituted them in prayer" -- then it is permitted for us to pray using them.

And not like the poets {paytanim} do in truth, that they
are energetic {?} in praises, and they extend and increase words -- they compose prayers and collects flowery phrases, to approach with them to the Creator, according to their conception. The describe the Creator with appellations which, if a person were to be described with it, the lack would be in his lap. For they do not understand these great and important matters which are strange to the intelligence of the common folk. And they take the Blessed Created as a stepping ground {?} for their tongues, and ascribe to Him appellations and recount about Him every thing that they think it fitting, and they are energetic to praise with this, until they arouse Him to act in accordance with their thoughts {as they described Him}.

And all the more so, if they find a verse from the words of the prophet, in this the matter is {so they think} permitted to them, to come to verses which one should publicize any way and to return them to their simple meaning, and they cut from them and the make from them clauses {seifim} and build upon them statements. And this heter {thing they permitted themselves} is abundant by the composers of songs {/poem: shir} and flowery prose, and by one who thinks he is making a song and ends up composing matters, some of which are complete heresy and some of which have the nonsense and loss {? due to ?} of imagination, such that it is fitting for a person to laugh at him according to his nature, and cry with the understanding of how such things as this are said regarding the lap of Hashem Yitbarach.

And would I not have mercy on the loss of those who say it, I would have related to you a bit from them from until there arose from it the place of sin {/error} in them. But they are sayings in which their lack is extremely apparent to one who understands. And one needs to contemplate and say if this is lashon hara and grievous motzi shem ra, or even more so, loosening of the tongue regarding the lap of Hashem Yitbarach and describing Him with descriptions He is above.

And this is not saying that this is rebellion, but rather reviling and blaspheming accidentally, from the general populace {hamon} which hears, and from the simple person who says them. However, he who understands the deficiency in these statements and {yet} says them, he is by me among those about whom is said {II Melachim 17:9}
ט וַיְחַפְּאוּ בְנֵי-יִשְׂרָאֵל, דְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא-כֵן, עַל-ה, אֱלֹהֵיהֶם; וַיִּבְנוּ לָהֶם בָּמוֹת בְּכָל-עָרֵיהֶם, מִמִּגְדַּל נוֹצְרִים עַד-עִיר מִבְצָר. 9 and the children of Israel did impute things that were not right unto the LORD their God, and they built them high places in all their cities, from the tower of the watchmen to the fortified city;
and it is stated {Yeshaya 32:6}:
ו כִּי נָבָל נְבָלָה יְדַבֵּר, וְלִבּוֹ יַעֲשֶׂה-אָוֶן--לַעֲשׂוֹת חֹנֶף, וּלְדַבֵּר אֶל-ה תּוֹעָה, לְהָרִיק נֶפֶשׁ רָעֵב, וּמַשְׁקֶה צָמֵא יַחְסִיר. 6 For the vile person will speak villainy, and his heart will work iniquity, to practise ungodliness, and to utter wickedness against the LORD, to make empty the soul of the hungry, and to cause the drink of the thirsty to fail.
And if it is from one who attributes to the Honor of his Creator, you need not listen in any fashion, all the more so that you say them, and all the more so that you do like them.

And you already know the measure of the guilt of one who casts aspersions against On High. And you need not, in any fashion, bring yourself to the appellations of Hashem in an obligation to glorify him in your thoughts. And you should not go out of that which the Men of the Great Assembly ordered in the prayers and blessings. And with this is of necessity sufficient, and even more so, as Rabbi Chanina said. However, the rest of what comes in the books of the Prophets {and is not found in prayers and blessings} he should read when he encounters it {in Nach}. But he should believe about it that which we have already explained, that they are descriptions of his actions, or to inform about the rejection of absense. And this matter, as well, is not promulgated to the general populace, but this type of analysis is fit for singular individuals, that the glorification of the Creator by them is not that they say that which is not fitting, but rather that they understand in that which is fitting.

And we shall now return to complete the comment on the words of Rabbi Chanina and his wisdom. He did not say "a parable to a king who had one thousand thousand {=one million} gold dinarim and they praised him for having 100 dinarim {but rather silver instead of gold}." That this would inform about this parable that his Completeness is more complete that than completeness that they attribute to him, but that they are of the same type. And the matter is not so, as we have explained by example. Rather, the wisdom of this parable is that they said "gold dinarim and they praised him with those of silver," to

inform that these {praises} which are by us are indeed complete, {but} there is not by Him, Yitbarach, of their type at all, but rather all of them are {implying} a lack in His lap, as was explained. And it states in this parable, "Would it not be an insult to him?" Behold, it has already told you that all that you consider of those appellations to be complete, it is a lack in His lap, Yitaleh, when it is of the type which we have by us. And Shlomo has already written in poetry for us in this matter, that that which we have is sufficient, and said {Kohelet 5:1}:
א אַל-תְּבַהֵל עַל-פִּיךָ וְלִבְּךָ אַל-יְמַהֵר, לְהוֹצִיא דָבָר--לִפְנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים: כִּי הָאֱלֹהִים בַּשָּׁמַיִם וְאַתָּה עַל-הָאָרֶץ, עַל-כֵּן יִהְיוּ דְבָרֶיךָ מְעַטִּים. 1 Be not rash with thy mouth, and let not thy heart be hasty to utter a word before God; for God is in heaven, and thou upon earth; therefore let thy words be few.

End quote.

Thus it is made clear that the prayer of Yehi Ratzon which is printed and ordered with the multitude of the aforementioned appellationed is disgraceful in the eyes of the sages of the gemara to say them, by force of the parable, "Would it not be an insult to him?"

And even though the Rav, Beis Yosef, wrote in his Shulchan Aruch, in siman 113, that one should not add onto the appellations of Hashem more than HaKeil, HaGadol, HaGibbor, veHaNora, and he, za"l, wrote that this is specifically in Tefillah {=Shemoneh Esrei}, because one should not change from the coinage that the Sages coined, but in supplications, requests, and praises that a person says by himself, we have not problem with it -- such that it appears according to his words that the multitude of appellations which one says in prayer or in praise which a person says of his own accord, it is fine, and there is not sin in this -- and if so, how have I said that the aforementioned prayer with the multitude of appellations are disgraceful and that they forbade it in the gemara? There is a single answer. That is why I said from the incident of Rabbi Chanina and his rebuke, it is apparent that even in the praise that a person says of his own accord, it is forbidden to increase upon the three known appellations. For if not so, why should Rabbi Chanina trouble to take of parables? He should have rebuked him about changing from the coinage of the Sages! We deduce from here that Rabbi Chanina was upset about the multitude of appellations, and not on the changing of the coinage that the Sages coined. If so, why should it matter whether it was the prayer of the public or whether it was just with himself, if it is an insult to Him?

And this is the language of the Tur: HaEil, Hagadol, Hagibbor, vehaNora, one should not increase upon it as we say in perek Ain Omedin. Therefore, one should not say that but which the first ones said. And Rabbi Yitzchak za"l explained that this was said specifically in Tefillah, for one should not change the coinage that the the Sages coined in blessings, but when by himself, we have no issue with it. But from the words of the Rambam it is apparent that it is forbidden in any context, and so it is logical according to the reasoning, for there is not to distinguish between Tefillah and supplications. End the language of the Tur.

Thus, behold, when he said "and so it is logical," he revealed that he agreed with the position of the Rambam. Behold, according to the position of the Rambam and the Tur, it is forbidden to increase in the appellations of Hashem, even when by himself. And just as the parable was brought in the gemara, "Would it not be an insult to him?"

And even the Bet Yosef who brought the position of Rabbi Yitzchak in the Shulchan Aruch, he closes his words there with this language: And still, it is proper for one who wishes to increase in the praises of the Omnipresent to say it in verses.

And the practical ramification is that the aforementioned prayer, even according to the conclusion of the Bet Yosef, it is not naeh {beautiful -- a reference to Ki Lo Naeh} to say it since it is not on the order of the verses. And it is extremely astounding for me how the Rav, the Bet Yosef, does not mention the maaseh rav in Masechet Sota daf 48, in our Mishna {47a}: JOHANAN THE HIGH PRIEST BROUGHT TO AN END THE CONFESSION MADE AT THE PRESENTATION OF THE TITHE. HE ALSO ABOLISHED THE WAKERS AND THE KNOCKERS.

And in the gemara: What does 'WAKERS' mean? — Rechavah said: The Levites used daily to stand upon the dais and exclaim {Tehillim 44:24}:
כד עוּרָה, לָמָּה תִישַׁן אֲדֹנָי; הָקִיצָה, אַל-תִּזְנַח לָנֶצַח. 24 Awake, why sleepest Thou, O Lord? Arouse Thyself, cast not off for ever.
He said to them, Does, then, the All-Present sleep? ...

And behold, in the days of Yochanan the Kohen Gadol there were great Sages, and they agreed with him to hold back this verse from the Levites. From here we learn two things.

(1) That a custom in error is not called a minhag, and it is a mitzvah to nullify it. For the Levites and the Sages were able to stand and plead to Yochanan that "this is the custom of our fathers in our hands," and they did not stand against him. We derive from here that a minhag in error is not a minhag and it is a mitvah to nullify it.

And we learn further (2) that it is not appropriate to supplicate before the Creator with designations {?} which are the appellations. And even if they occur in one pasuk, then when you encounter these appellations in the verses, you read them, in the Torah and in the Neviim, when you reach them. And this is as the Rambam wrote, but it is forbidden to increase in them in prayers and supplications, even when he is by himself, from the incident of Yochanan the Kohen Gadol, and from the incident of Rabbi Chanina, for we establish this as a maaseh rav.

Tuesday, April 14, 2009

What was Rav Shmuel Palagi speaking about

when he spoke of "Nun Bau"? It means "Build-now," and it is a Germanic version of Adir Hu. I took the image to the right from a Haggadah from JNUL. It has Adir Hu, followed by Nun Bau.

Some more information on this song, from Wikipedia:
In the 1769 version of the haggadah, the song was also known in German as the "Baugesang" (the song of the rebuilding of the Temple). A traditional German greeting on the night of Passover after leaving the synagogue was "Bau Gut" ("build well"), a reference to Adir Hu.
And a bit more here.

Rav Shmuel Palagi's polemic against songs after Hallel, pt iii

See part i and part ii.

(2) And we derive further that it is a commandment to speak and relate in the Exodus from Egypt, and not to song as we do nowadays.

(3) Further, we learn until how much the commandment to relate and speak on the night of Pesach about the exodus from Egypt. For these Sages, after their meal, and after the order of the Haggadah, were able to engage in words of Torah, and these Sages did not do this, and they nullified study of Torah in order to relate about the exodus from Egypt; a kal vachomer and the son of a kal vachomer, if they nullified learning of Torah in order to relate the exodus from Egypt, all the more so, we should nullify all these songs and poems on the night of Pesach. For Hashem Yitbarach commanded us to relate about the exodus from Egypt, and to speak with our wives and the members of our households about this.

And also I know that this polemic will do no good with the general populace, for an uneducated person is not fearful of sin, and a corruption, once it enters, enters, for that with which one becomes accustomed becomes nature for them. Not so the Sages, fearers of Hashem who contemplate his name, who ruminate and contemplate all these matters, and admit to truth -- and the opposite of these for a golem.

And now, any master of Torah, who is zealous for the honor of Hashem and his Torah, when you are a guest by a homeowner, you need to convince him with soft words, when the homeowner wished to begin with piyutim which are customary every time, the master of Torah should say to him, "My master, homeowner, this night is not a time for song and melody, for the mitzvah is sp relate about the exodus from Egypt and to speak about the miracles and wonders that Hashem did with us and with our fathers," and you enter with him with the aforementioned ideas, in accordance with his intelligence you relate to him.

And they should refrain from saying the songs which are printed in the sefer Haggadah, and to him it will be righteousness, and from Hashem it will be full recompense. And then one may say {Sotah 47a}: Yochanan the Kohen Gadol abolished the wakers {=those Leviim who cited Tehillim, "Awake, why sleepest Thou, O Lord?"}; {and in extension} and the Sages of the generation abolished the Bu-nin {see above; I think the songs}.

{He now returns to the idea of the general polemic:}
The general principle which arised from all that I have written is that the Sefardim who say the prayer of "Yehi Ratzon Milefanecha, Hashem Hagadol Hagibbor veHanora, HaIzzuz, etc." are erring and sinning,
in their language {tongues?}. Therefore, it is a precept to hold back this prayer. And beside this, who permitted us to mention the names of the Mazalot, the angels and ministers who are designated for each day? Such as that its Mazal is the Lion and its angel is Refael, and its minister is the Sun. And so is written to all the seven days of the week. The end of the matter is that Mar bar Rav Ashi is not signed upon it.

And in any place nthat the halacha is unstable in your hands, sitting and doing nothing is preferable. And from this we deduce that one who fears the words of Hashem, from our brothers the residents of Ashkenaz {Germany?} and Poland will refrain from the aforementioned piyutim, and in particular from the disgraceful piyut Nun Bau, Nun Bau {=German of Kel Bnei}, for also Mar bar Rav Ashi did not sign upon it. And we need to fulfill the command of the Torah which is to relate and speak about the exodus from Egypt with our wives, children, and the members of our households, for so did Hashem command us, and one who keeps the commandments will know no evil matter. And it is stated {I Shmuel 2:30}:
ל לָכֵן, נְאֻם-ה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, אָמוֹר אָמַרְתִּי, בֵּיתְךָ וּבֵית אָבִיךָ יִתְהַלְּכוּ לְפָנַי עַד-עוֹלָם; וְעַתָּה נְאֻם-ה חָלִילָה לִּי, כִּי-מְכַבְּדַי אֲכַבֵּד וּבֹזַי יֵקָלּוּ. 30 Therefore the LORD, the God of Israel, saith: I said indeed that thy house, and the house of thy father, should walk before Me for ever; but now the LORD saith: Be it far from Me: for them that honour Me I will honour, and they that despise Me shall be lightly esteemed.
etc.
That which appears to me, in my humble opinion, I have written, and I have proven that is associated with it {?}, and my soul I have saved, here, Hamburg, in the year {Tehillim 127:1}
א שִׁיר הַמַּעֲלוֹת, לִשְׁלֹמֹה:
אִם-ה, לֹא-יִבְנֶה בַיִת-- שָׁוְא עָמְלוּ בוֹנָיו בּוֹ;
אִם-ה לֹא-יִשְׁמָר-עִיר, שָׁוְא שָׁקַד שׁוֹמֵר.
1 A Song of Ascents; of Solomon. {N}
Except the LORD build the house, they labour in vain that build it; {N}
except the LORD keep the city, the watchman waketh but in vain.

{with lamed tav ayin lamed larger, for a gematria of 530, where 1240 + 530 = 1770, unless that vav is also bolded.}
in the sidra of זוּלָתִי כָּלֵב בֶּן-יְפֻנֶּה, הוּא יִרְאֶנָּה {in Devarim 1}, etc., יַעַן, אֲשֶׁר מִלֵּא אַחֲרֵי ה.

The youngster,
Shmuel Palagi

Blogger's note: This is of interest, but should not be taken halacha lemaaseh. Consult your local Orthodox rabbi.

Monday, April 13, 2009

Rav Shmuel Palagi's polemic against songs after Hallel, pt ii

Rav Shmuel Palagi's polemic against songs after Hallel continues. See part i.

"And according to the position of those who permit which appellations found in verses, they did not permit flipping their meaning and to ascribe accidental attributes {as opposed to essential attributes, such as Socrates' paleness} to His Blessed Divinity, this no skilled sage in the world permitted.

By way of example, King David, alav hashalom, in song that he spoke and praised Hashem, said {in Tehillim 18:3}:
ג ה, סַלְעִי וּמְצוּדָתִי-- וּמְפַלְטִי:
אֵלִי צוּרִי, אֶחֱסֶה-בּוֹ; מָגִנִּי וְקֶרֶן-יִשְׁעִי, מִשְׂגַּבִּי.
3 The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; {N}
my God, my rock, in Him I take refuge; my shield, and my horn of salvation, my high tower.
Behold, according to the position of some, it is permitted for us to say as well "The LORD is my rock and my fortress." And also in plural language, "The LORD is our rock and our fortress." However, to say "He is a rock; he is a fortress," something like this the halachic decisors have not permitted us. And how can one say "He is Bachur; He is Lamud; Zisser Gott {sweet God}; Finer Gott {fine God}?" Forfend for us, for these appellations are not found in all of the Twenty Four {books of Tanach}; also the Men of the Great Assembly did not establish for us appellations such as these, neither in prayers nor blessings. Thus we may deduce that it was not fit in their eyes.

And therefore, whoever guards his soul will distance himself from them, for these appellations suggest forces of body and physicality which He, Yitbarach, is not in possession of. May His name be praised forever, who overcomes us with His pleasantness, and conceals Himself from us due to of the Power of His Visage.

And whoever desires to stand {/and understand} the main point of this drush should delve durther in perek 50, part 1, in Moreh Nevuchim, and will find rest for his soul. For I have abbreviated, and only said the beginning of words.

And behold, our eyes have seen that sin causes further sin, as Chazal have said. Because of the iniquity of the aforementioned songs which are said on the night of Pesach, we did not pay heed to the command of the Torah which commanded us to speak and relate about the Exodus from Egypt on this night. And that which we have been commanded we have not done, while that which we have not been commanded, we do do, to sing and make melody all the night, and because of this we are abstaining from the command of the Torah which commanded us {Shemot 13:8}:
ח וְהִגַּדְתָּ לְבִנְךָ, בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא לֵאמֹר: בַּעֲבוּר זֶה, עָשָׂה ה לִי, בְּצֵאתִי, מִמִּצְרָיִם. 8 And thou shalt tell thy son in that day, saying: It is because of that which the LORD did for me when I came forth out of Egypt.
And it is stated {Shemot 10:2}:
ב וּלְמַעַן תְּסַפֵּר בְּאָזְנֵי בִנְךָ וּבֶן-בִּנְךָ, אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִתְעַלַּלְתִּי בְּמִצְרַיִם, וְאֶת-אֹתֹתַי, אֲשֶׁר-שַׂמְתִּי בָם; וִידַעְתֶּם, כִּי-אֲנִי ה. 2 and that thou mayest tell in the ears of thy son, and of thy son's son, what I have wrought upon Egypt, and My signs which I have done among them; that ye may know that I am the LORD.'
and our Sages, za"l, have explained further this commandment which is cast upon us on the night of Pesach, when they said "and all who increase in relating the exodus from Egypt, behold he is praised." And they did not say that "whoever sings and makes melodies in the exodus from Egypt." Since the purpose of this commandment is that via the relating about the exodus

from Egypt, and speaking about the miracles which Hashem did in the world, in Egypt and by the sea, His Name and His ability will be known, that he is a Master without limit, and that he is the Ruler in the realms above and below. For in those days, and at this time {of year}, he overturned and changed the nature of all the four elements. And if so, that he is the Master of all of them, and that He, blessed be His name, created them. And that there is over Israel individual providence {hashgacha pratis}, and that when we call to Him, the God will hear us and answer us. All this is known and was advertised to us via the Exodus from Egypt. And this story brings about love of Hashem, and knowledge of Him in our hearts, and just as the aforementioned pasuk concluded, "that ye may know that I am the LORD," which is a fundamental of the Torah. And therefore, Chazal said that whoever increases in relating the Exodus from Egypt, behold he is praised. And they will instruct the minors, and fear of Hashem will remain engraved and impressed in their hearts, for they are soft in yeard, and then they are strong in their faith in the Torah and the Fear of Hashem. And this we learn from the extraneous wording of "thy son's son," for when a man has grandchildren, he is then old, coming on in years.

And I do not believe that there is any person possessing intellect in the world that will say that the language of tesaper {"relate"} suggests songs and melodies; or that there is a person which is deficient in his knowledge of the Holy Tongue. And the witnesses are:
Bereishit 24:66: {Eliezer}
וַיְסַפֵּר הָעֶבֶד, לְיִצְחָק, אֵת כָּל-הַדְּבָרִים, אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה.
Bereishit 29:13: {Yaakov}
וַיְסַפֵּר לְלָבָן, אֵת כָּל-הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה.
Bereishit 40:8: {Yosef to the butler and baker}
סַפְּרוּ-נָא, לִי
Shemot 18:8:
וַיְסַפֵּר מֹשֶׁה, לְחֹתְנוֹ, אֵת כָּל-אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה ה לְפַרְעֹה וּלְמִצְרַיִם

The meaning of this word is neither song nor melody, but rather only a relating of matters of an incident that occurred. And from all this, it is made clear to us that the iniquity of the inappropriate songs and melodies prevent us from fulfilling the commandments of Pesach, as the Torah commanded us.

And with the order of the Haggadah alone, we have not fulfilled nor accomplished the commandment of the Torah in accordance with its halacha. And the incident with our Sages will prove it, for all the night they related the exodus from Egypt, until their students came and told them "the time of reading the Shema in the morning has approached."

How many fine matters do we derive from this incident. (1) That even though they arranged the Haggadah with Hallel and the Four Cups, they did not sleep after this, but rather they spoke about the exodus from Egypt, for according to their opinion, they did not fulfill the commandment of Pesach as I have written."

to be continued...

Rav Shmuel Palagi's objections to the songs after Hallel, pt i

This is actually in the middle of Rav Shmuel Palagi's polemic. Perhaps I will post more of it later, moving a bit earlier. What he established in the prior section was his objection to many piyutim because of improper appellations of Hashem, some of which are offensive, or are additional to the ones already established in tefillah, or are improper outside their contexts, and so on. Here he turns his attention to the songs on the seder night, after Hallel. See my earlier post on this subject.

"And also our brothers the residents of Ashkenaz {Germany} and Poland, they have songs and poems on the night of Pesach, such as ki lo naeh, ki lo yaeh, etc. But according to the gemara and the Rambam and the Tur, it is not naeh nor shaveh {nice or appropriate} to say them. For there are extremely offensive appellations in them, such as bachur kahalacha, hadur kahalacha, kabir kahalacha, nora kahalacha, and I say that this list is not kahalacha, since they are new appellations which do not come either in prayers or the blessings the prophets and the Men of the Great Assembly have established for us; and there are in them two which are incredibly offensive appellations to the Omnipresent. And these are bachur hu, lamud hu {J: Artscroll translates these as "He is distinguished; He is all-wise," but one could see the alternative implication}, Hashem should grant them atonement.

And the last piyut is heavy with rough and bad appellations, and it is in the language of Laaz, which begins Nun Bau, Nun Bau {=Build Now, Build Now, =Kel Bnei, Kel Bnei, in German; thanks to Milhouse}, etc., finer Gatt {fine God}, zisser Gatt {sweet God} (my Master should forgive me if I sin by writing this), and they repeat this piyut a second and third time until midnight, and they sing kacholim {like ill-people??}, will such songs as this be good in the eyes of Hashem?

And had only the general populace {hamon am} sung these piyutim I would have remained silent. However, also baalei Torah and yode'ei sefer have fallen ill with the sickness of this custom, and I have seen bnei aliyah {the small elite} decreasing in the honor of God. And upon them the verse states {Mishlei 19:2}:
ב גַּם בְּלֹא-דַעַת נֶפֶשׁ לֹא-טוֹב; וְאָץ בְּרַגְלַיִם חוֹטֵא. 2 Also, that the soul be without knowledge is not good; and he that hasteth with his feet sinneth.
{and Tehillim 50:3}:
ג יָבֹא אֱלֹהֵינוּ, וְאַל-יֶחֱרַשׁ:
אֵשׁ-לְפָנָיו תֹּאכֵל; וּסְבִיבָיו, נִשְׂעֲרָה מְאֹד.
3 Our God cometh, and doth not keep silence; {N}
a fire devoureth before Him, and round about Him it stormeth mightily.
And our Sages, za"l, said that one who praises {משבח} to Hashem overmuch is uprooted from the world. And all the wise of heart should place upon his heart the {short} prayer of Moshe Rabbenu, alav hashalom, and the prayer of all the prophets, for there are not in all of them appellations like these, not like the style {signon} of the piyutim of the night of Pesach; and not so are the appellations which are stated in the Torah and the Prophets, for those were said with Divine Inspiration. And we do not have permission to make use of them in our prayers, except for the three known ones. And according to the position of the Rambam, is it a complete prohibition and extremely grevious sin, and he za"l, is fit to rely upon, for in the knowledge of Godliness he has ten times over all the decisors, as is known. And according to the position of those who permit which appellations found in verses, they did not permit flipping their meaning and to ascribe accidental attributes {as opposed to essential attributes, such as Socrates' paleness} to His Blessed Divinity, this no skilled sage in the world permitted."
to be continued...

Sunday, April 12, 2009

Is Nirtza a violation of Ain Maftirin Achar HaPesach Afikomen?

In Yerushalmi Pesachim, we read:
דף עא, א פרק י הלכה ו משנה מזגו לו כוס שלישי מברך על מזונו רביעית גומר עליו את ההלל ואומר עליו ברכת השיר בין הכוסות הללו אם רצה לשתות ישתה בין שלישי לרביעי לא ישתה אין מפטירין אחר הפסח אפיקומן:

דף עא, א פרק י הלכה ו גמרא
...
מאי אפיקומן רבי סימון בשם רבי אינייני בר רבי סיסיי מיני זמר
ר"י אמר מיני מתיקה
שמואל אמר כגון ערדילי וגוזליא דחנניא בר שילת

Thus, the prohibited afikomen is defined. Interestingly, when we compare Shmuel in Bavli to Yerushalmi, he gives the same definition, but he attributes the practice of eating gozlaya to Chanania bar Shelat in Yerushalmi, rather than to Abba (presumably Rav rather than his father) in Bavli, likely because different people were famous in these different areas.

But what is more interesting, IMHO, is Rabbi Simon's definition of Afikomen. He cites Rabbi Ainaini bar Rabbi Sisai that it means "minei zemer." This would appear to be "types of song." But is this not then Nirtza, which we perform last at the seder? Maybe it is, but we don't pasken like Rabbi Simon. Or maybe it is not.

This is not the only source for prohibiting Nirtza, or wondering about it. I did not see Nirtza mentioned in Tur in his ordering of the seder, but perhaps I missed it. And we say חסל סידור פסח כהלכתו before beginning Nirtzah. And Rav Shmuel Palagi (last seen here) was very upset about Nirtza, as I will hopefully get a chance to elaborate upon in a separate post.

But Nirtza is fairly entrenched, as a kosher and spiritually meaningful practice. What do the standard commentators do when faced with this gemara which appears to prohibit it?

On the standard page of Yerushalmi, we may contrast the approaches of the Pnei Moshe and the Korban HaEdah. The Pnei Moshe writes: Minei Zemer: Thet are types of vessels that they use for eating, and this is from Biblical language. II Melachim 12:14:
יד אַךְ לֹא יֵעָשֶׂה בֵּית ה, סִפּוֹת כֶּסֶף מְזַמְּרוֹת מִזְרָקוֹת חֲצֹצְרוֹת, כָּל-כְּלִי זָהָב, וּכְלִי-כָסֶף--מִן-הַכֶּסֶף, הַמּוּבָא בֵית-יְהוָה. 14 But there were not made for the house of the LORD cups of silver, snuffers, basins, trumpets, any vessels of gold, or vessels of silver, of the money that was brought into the house of the LORD;
and here that they should not say "bring out the mana {vessels}." And Rabbi Yochanan says etc., as we have explained it all in our Mishna.

Now, there is merit to this explanation. He finds a Biblical parallel for the language, explains what minei means, ties it in to Afikomen. Yet is still seems slightly forced, and one wonders if he would say this if not for the established practice of Nirtza in contrast to it.

Compare this with the commentary of the Korban Ha'Eidah. He writes: Minei Zemer: That they would sing {mezamrin} after eating, and on the night of Pesach they would not sing, because of the Hallel which they would sing after the eating.

If so, this would seem to exclude Nirtza, which is another type of singing. Note, though, that he does not necessarily transform this into a prohibition. They do not sing because they are singing something else. But what about after that something else, Hallel, is finished?

Another commentator who grapples with this is Rabbi Yehoshua Refael Benbenishti. In his commentary on Yerushalmi, he writes:

Minei Zemer: It is a notrikon of afiko minei {take out the minei}. And what are the minei? minei zemer you should take out from before you. That is to say, minim of song {=musical instruments, parallel to klei zemer?} draw the heart of the person and bring him to eat, while we require that he should not taste anything after the paschal offering, and therefore they send out any thing which will cause eating. Or it is possible to say "bring out the minei zemer and bring them before you, rather than minei achila, for one should not eat further."

It is clear that he wants to associate this with eating in some way, but this is forced, especially since one should not be maftir after the Pesach (or in Bavli, matzah), the afikomen, such that his commentary is the reverse of what it should be -- the first should be to bring out, but we do not; and the second does not work at all.

And I would suspect that the prominent role we assign to Nirtzah plays at least some role in this somewhat forced commentaries. Of course, who says we hold like Rabbi Simon in this multi-way machlokes on the meaning of Afikomen? BeEzrat Hashem, in a subsequent post, the position of Rabbi Shmuel Palagi.

Note: Not intended halacha lemaaseh. Consult your local Orthodox rabbi.

Monday, November 05, 2007

Noda Biyhuda, Orach Chaim, Siman 2: On Pronunciation of Hashem's Name, and Proper Pronunciation of Piyutim

A fascinating teshuva. This is the second teshuva in Shu"t Noda Bihuda chelek 1, in chelek Orach Chaim. There are great quotes to be culled from this.

For example, after stating the correct way to pronounce Adonai, he notes that making a big machlokes about this is misguided, since in the case of a sotah, Hashem allowed his name to be obliterated in order to promote peace.

He is not into dikduk himself, and it seems to me that he thinks that the issues here are relatively unimportant, but still tackles the question at hand.

Only after looking up the Rav to whom this is addressed, Rav Shmuel Palag'i, and reading a sample of his work, did I understand the message and the tone taken here. And I could imagine what Rav Shmuel Palagi's response would be.

Perhaps in a later post, I will put up an excerpt from Rav Shmuel Palag'i, not from the kuntres mentioned in the teshuva, but in a related matter. It is exceptionally entertaining, though I disagree with the conclusions.

Eliyahu also pointed out that it is interesting how the Nodah Be-Yehuda was fine with citing a Concordance as proof, granting it credence.


Responsum to the complete Chacham, Rav Shmuel Palagi, the manhig and parnas of adat yeshurun, kahal sefaradim, k"k Hamburg:

2: His voice I heard calling to me, from the printed kuntres, in which he argues with a certain Chacham in his city, matters of arguments in your gates, The Gates of Prayer, about the matter of reading the Honored Name {of God}, whether to stress it ultimately or penultimately {mi-le-ra or mi-le-el}.

And from matter to matter within the same general matter, in which he discusses another two or three things in the machzorim which, according to his opinion, one who prays according to the old nusach which is in the machzorim is only blaspheming.

And behold, I am astonished that he chose to send these halachic queries to Chachamim and Rabbanim! Go and read his query to experts on Scriptures {baalei mikra}. And I am also on the outside, and I do not know who is his contender, opposite him, who argues with him.

And also he, if I saw his signed name, I would not know it, because he is far distant from me, and I do not know the man, but rather I know his talk, his pleasant talk. However, it is comparable to one speaking in the wilderness, a place which is ownerless, as if there is none to decide in their location in such a straightforward matter as this, such that they need to send to far-off placed.

And behold, in the wisdom of dikduk I do not hand a hand nor name, and I have not learned even an infinitesimal amount of this wisdom. However, in a straightforward matter such as this, even schoolchildren know that the majority of words are pronounced with ultimate stress, unless there is not at the end something which is fit to accept the stress, or for other reasons known to experts in dikduk, in which case the stress is pushed off from its proper place, and then it is penultimately stressed.

However, with the Honored Name {of God, Adonai}, why should the name of our Father be reduced from having the stress as is the rule? Is not the nun marked with a tenua gedola {long vowel; credit to Steg} and the nach is visible {J: I am unsure of what these signs refer to} ? And there is no doubt here that the stress is ultimate, and we have never heard any dissent in this matter. And anyone who changes from this is only making a mistake, and one who strengthens in dispute and stands on his opinion to read it penultimately, he himself if milera {ultimate, here meaning below} and his hand is on the bottom.

And forfend to further stir up argument in this matter, and the Torah says that the Holy Name should be obliterated in the {sotah} waters to make peace, and all the more so not to cause argument. And therefore, each one of the sides should be easily appeased, vehaavar ayin {and put it behind you; once again, credit to Steg}, and if there is not to the one opposing him any reason in the matter except that which was brought down {cited} in the kuntres, his words are nullified, and it is not worth it to respond to.

And we are bothered by the Chazzanim. Is it not their foolish way, such that in order to make their voice heard, they break up each word into segments of segments, and the words {devarim} are not heard, except for the voice and its segment with it. However, I do not believe about a man that has the scent of Torah would hold onto flimsy and flawed reasons such as these. And therefore, if the one opposing him {that is, opposing Rav Palagi} has any fir reason in this, he should make his words known.

Except for this, the other matters that you wish to correct in the machzorim such as in the piyut Zechor Namta {nun mem tav} Edut Lo Tishkach miPi Zar'o, which you wish to correct to Nun Aleph Mem Tav {na'amta?}. Behold, certainly purity of language, such as is appropriate to pray in Hebrew, since this is the language in which the ministering angels are attuned to, is na`amta, for this is the root of the word in Hebrew, nun aleph mem. However, one who does not change from the nusach of the first ones and says namta also is not messing up. And it is not as entered your mind that this is blaspheming, that the meaning of namta is "you slept," from the root nun mem vav, "you slept," as a language of sleep and slumber."


Behold, in reality, it is such in Hebrew. However, is it not known that the paytanim made much use of Aramaic, and in the language of Talmud, nam has the connotation of speech. And in Sifrei parshat Behaalotecha, nam lo Rabbi Yoshiya, nam li Rabbi Yonatan, etc., and every instance of neima in the Talmud is like this, and I shall not list them, for the entire Talmud is full of the like. And not only specifically the Talmud, but even in the language of Mishna, which is a clear and pure language, they also made use of this word. And at the end of Yevamot daf 122a, in the Mishna: "Amar Rabbi Akiva veNomiti lo Ken haDevarim, etc." And Rashi explains veNomiti as "and I said." And in Gittin, at the end of perek Titkabel, "nomino lishliach." And in Zevachim daf 45b, "noma Rabbi Shimon," Rashi explains in the name of Rabbi Meshulam the elder, that at the time of his death, he explained "numa Rabbi Shimon" as like "Rabbi Shimon said."

And before I even bring {proof} from the language of the Talmud and the Mishnah, we can see a full Biblical passage, in Ezra 4:8:
ח רְחוּם בְּעֵל-טְעֵם, וְשִׁמְשַׁי סָפְרָא, כְּתַבוּ אִגְּרָה חֲדָה, עַל-יְרוּשְׁלֶם--לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא מַלְכָּא, כְּנֵמָא. 8 Rehum the commander and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort--
that the meaning of כְּנֵמָא is kaasher neemar {"as was said"}, and the root of the word is nam {nun mem, rather than nun aleph mem}, for the aleph at the end is to denote the plural. And also, this very matter is repeated in many places further in Ezra, and in the Concordance, at the end, which is on Daniel and Ezra, in the letter kaf, and these are his words: "kenam, keneima, that its explanation is kaasher neemar."

And since we have proved that the root is nam, if so, it is appropriate in the singular in the girsa of Zechor namta, for the paytanim chose a light language.

Furthermore, what you correct in the vowels of mimach {ממך}, with a kametz under the mem, and you correct it to

mimmecha {מִמְּךָ} with a sheva under the mem and a kametz under the chaf; or to mimmekka
{מִמֶּךָּ}, with a dagesh {transforming to plosive kaf} and a kametz under the kaf. Behold, I have no involvement in dikduk, and specifically, this word I did not find it except in the second person singular, or to the second person plural {mikkem -- מִכֶּם}, such as {Bereishit 42:16} שִׁלְחוּ מִכֶּם and also {Devarim 1:17} וְהַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר יִקְשֶׁה מִכֶּם. But talking to him {first person} whether singular or plural, and so too to a third person singular, it is mimenu and mimeni. And so too third person plural, it is meihem.

Meanwhile the use of ממך we have not found except to the second person, as aforementioned, and we have found few of these. And therefore, there is not to hedge in on it the rules {mishpat} of its vocalization.

And by way of comparison, in pausal form, the rule of its vocalization should be mimach, with a kametz under the mem, just like the word imach, for we also have עִמְּךָ יֵשֵׁב {as in Devarim 23:17} and in pausal form, אֶת-הֶעָנִי עִמָּךְ {in Shemot 22:24}. But the word ממך we have found in pausal form with the mem with a seghol and the kaf with a kametz and a dagesh {making it a plosive}, שִׁבְעָה גוֹיִם, רַבִּים וַעֲצוּמִים מִמֶּךָּ in Devarim 7:1. And so too in other places.

And it is known that even the experts in dikduk have not found a correct reason for the dagesh forte {which geminates the kaf and makes it plosive in this word} and they said that it is for beautification of the word.

And therefore, in my opinion, even one who says at the end of a statement {in pausal form} mimach in a place where there is need to make the stanzas equal {perhaps for meter or for rhyme}, he is not messing up.

And even so, it is fitting not to be strong in dispute for {trivial} matters such as this, {Bemidbar 21}
יד עַל-כֵּן, יֵאָמַר, בְּסֵפֶר, מִלְחֲמֹת ה: אֶת-וָהֵב בְּסוּפָה, וְאֶת-הַנְּחָלִים אַרְנוֹן. 14 wherefore it is said in the book of the Wars of the LORD: Vaheb in Suphah, and the valleys of Arnon,
{presumably a reference to Kiddushin 30b:
אמר רבי חייא בר אבא אפי' האב ובנו הרב ותלמידו שעוסקין בתורה בשער אחד נעשים אויבים זה את זה ואינם זזים משם עד שנעשים אוהבים זה את זה שנאמר (במדבר כא) את והב בסופה אל תקרי בסופה אלא בסופה
}

Zecharia 8:16:
טז אֵלֶּה הַדְּבָרִים, אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשׂוּ: דַּבְּרוּ אֱמֶת, אִישׁ אֶת-רֵעֵהוּ--אֱמֶת וּמִשְׁפַּט שָׁלוֹם, שִׁפְטוּ בְּשַׁעֲרֵיכֶם. 16 These are the things that ye shall do: Speak ye every man the truth with his neighbour; execute the judgment of truth and peace in your gates;
{presumably about the balance of truth and peace. And Shaareichem is appropriate here because of the name of Rav Shmuel Palagi's kuntres}.
As your souls and the souls of the one who seeks your peace.

BeEzrat Hashem, something from Rav Shmuel Palagi soon.

The text of the teshuva, in Hebrew:
שו"ת נודע ביהודה מהדורה קמא - או"ח סימן ב ד"ה את קולו

את קולו שמעתי קורא אלי מתוך קונטרס הנדפס אשר התוכח עם חכם אחד בעירו דברי ריבות בשעריך שערי תפלה על דבר קריאת שם הנכבד אם להטעים נגינתו מלרע או מלעיל. ומענין לענין באותו ענין אשר הגיה עוד ב' או ג' דברים במחזורים אשר לפי דעתו המתפלל כפי הנוסחא הישנה אשר במחזורים אינו אלא מחרף ומגדף. והנה אני תמה על שבחרו לשלוח שאלות הללו לחכמים ולרבנים זיל קרי הוא שאלו לבעלי מקרא, וגם אני מבחוץ ולא ידעתי מי הוא איש ריבו שכנגדו החולק עליו. וגם את מע"ל אם ראיתי שמו החתום לא ידענא ליה כי בריחוק מקום הוא ממני ולא אדע את האיש רק ידעתי את שיחו שיחה נאה. אך דומה לשיח במדבר מקום הפקר כאילו אין מכריע במקומם בדבר פשוט כזה עד שהוצרכו לשלוח למרחקים. והנה בחכמת הדקדוק אין לי יד ושם ולא למדתי מעולם אפילו אפס קצה מחכמה זו. אבל בדבר פשוט כזה אפילו תינוקות של בית רבן יודעים שרוב המלות מלרע זולת אם לא תהא אחרונה ראויה לקבל הטעימה או שאר טעמים אחרים ידועים למדקדקים שאז נדחה הטעם ממקומו הראוי והוא מלעיל. אבל בשם הנכבד למה יגרע שם אבינו מלבוא בו הטעם כמשפטו הלא הנו"ן נקודה בת"ג ונח נראה ולית כאן ספיקא שהטעם מלרע ולא שמענו מעולם שום פקפוק בדבר זה וכל המשנה אינו אלא טועה והמחזיק במחלוקת ועומד על דעתו לקרות מלעיל הוא עצמו מלרע וידו על התחתונה. וחלילה עוד לעורר מחלוקת בדבר הזה והתורה אמרה שם הקדוש ימחה על המים לעשות שלום ק"ו שלא יגרום מחלוקת, ולכן כל אחד מהצדדים יהיה נוח לרצות והעבר אין ואם אין לשכנגדו שום טעם בדבר רק מה שבא בקונטרס דבריו בטלים ואין כדאי להשיב עליהם ואנן מהחזנים ניקו ונגמר והלא זה דרכם כסל למו עבור השמעת קולם המה משברים כל מלה לשברי שברים ודברים אינם נשמעים זולתי קול ושברו עמו. אבל לא אאמין על אדם שיש לו ריח תורה יחזיק בטעמים חלושים ופגומים כאלו. ולכן אם יש לכשנגדו איזה טעם הגון בזה יודיע דבריו. זולת זה שאר דברים שרצה להגיה במחזורים כמו בפיוט זכר נמ"ת עדות לא תשכח מפי זרעו שהגיה מע"ל נאמ"ת. הנה בוודאי צחות הלשון כפי שראוי להתפלל בלשון הקודש שהוא לשון שמלאכי השרת נזקקין לו הוא נאמת שכן הוא שורש המלה בלה"ק נאם. אבל מי שאינו משנה נוסח הקדמונים ואומר נמ"ת ג"כ לא משתבש. ולא כמו שעלה על דעתו שזהו חירוף וגידוף כי נמת פירוש ישנת משורש נמו שנתם לשון שינה ותנומה. הנה אמת כי כן הוא בלשון הקודש אבל הלא ידוע שהרבה נשתמשו הפייטנים בלשון ארמי ובלשון תלמוד נם הוא לשון דיבור ובספרי פרשת בהעלותך נם לו ר' יאשי' נם לי ר' יונתן וכו', וכל מלת נימא שבתלמוד הוא כזה ולא אפרטם כי כל התלמוד מלא מזה ולאו דוקא בתלמוד אלא אפילו בלשון משנה שהוא לשון צח וברור ג"כ נשתמשו במלה זו. ובשלהי יבמות דף קכ"ב ע"א במשנה אמר ר"ע ונומיתי לו כן הדברים וכו'. ופי' רש"י ונומיתי ואמרתי. ובגיטין שלהי פרק תתקבל א"ר יוסי נומינו לשליח. ובזבחים דף מ"ה ע"ב נומא ר"ש פירש רש"י בשר ר' משלם הזקן שבשעת מיתתו פירש נומא ר"ש כמו אמר ר"ש. ועד שאני מביא מלשון התלמוד והמשנה אראנו מקרא מלא עזרא ד' ח' לארתחששתא מלכא כנמא שפירוש של כנמא כאשר נאמר והשורש נם כי האל"ף שבסוף כנמא הוא על שהוא לשון רבים וכן הוכפל דבר זה עצמו עוד בעזרא בכמה מקומות ובקונקארדאנסיאש בסופו שהוא על דניאל ועזרא באות הכ"ף וזה לשונו כנם כנמא שפירושו כאשר נאמר עכ"ל. וכיון שהוכחנו שהשורש נם א"כ שייך ליחיד נכח נמת ושפיר הגרסא זכור נמת כי הפייטנים בחרו לישנא קלילא. שוב מה שהגיה הניקוד במלת ממך בקמץ תחת המ"ם והגיה ממך בשו"א תחת המ"ם וקמ"ץ תחת הכ"ף או ממך בדגש וקמ"ץ תחת הכ"ף. הנה אין לי עסק בדקדוק ובפרט מלה זו לא מצאנוה רק ליחיד נוכח או לרבים לנוכח שלחו מכם. וכן הדבר אשר יקשה מכם. אבל למדבר בעדו הן ליחיד והן לרבים וכן ליחיד נסתר הוא ממנו ממני. וכן לרבים נסתרים הוא מהם ושימוש ממך לא מצאנו רק לנוכח כנ"ל ומעט מצינו מזה. ולכן אין לגדור בו משפט נקודתו. ולפי המדומה בהפסק מאמר משפט נקודתו ממך בקמץ תחת המ"ם כמו מלת עמך שג"כ עמך ישב ובהפסק מאמר את העני עמך אלא שמלת ממך מצינו בהפסק מאמר המ"ם בסגול והכ' קמוצה ודגושה שבעה גוים רבים ועצומים ממך דברים ז' א'. וכן בשאר מקומות. וידוע שאפי' חכמי הדקדוק לא מצאו טעם נכון לדגש החזק ואמרו שהוא לתפארת המלה. ולכן לדעתי אף האומר בהפסק מאמר ממך במקום הצורך להשוות החרוזים לא משתבש. ועכ"פ ראוי שלא להחזיק במחלוקת עבור ענינים כאלו ואת והב בסופה אמת ושלום שפטו בשעריכם. כנפשכם ונפש הדורש שלומכם

LinkWithin

Blog Widget by LinkWithin