Shadal writes:
כח ] מקצה שלש שנים תוציא את כל מעשר תבואתך בשנה ההיא : בשנה ההיא אינו חוזר אל "תבואתך" אלא אל "מקצה ג ' שנים" ( וכן דעת בעל הטעמים ), כלומר מקצה ג ' שנים בשנה ההיא בעצמה תוציא את כל מעשה תבואתך והנחת בשעריך ; ולפי הפשט הוא הנשאר ממעשר שני שלא הספיק לאכלו בירושלים , מצווה לבערו בכל שנה שלישית ולתיתו ללוי ולעני . המתינה לו תורה עד ג ' שנים , שיאכלהו הוא עצמו בירושלם , ומה שנשאר בשנה השלישית יצטרך לבערו ולא ימתין עוד . וזה טעם סמיכות והלוי אשר בשעריך לא תעזבנו , כי אע " פ שהמצוות לאכול מעשר שני בירושלם , מכל מקום אין רע שישאיר ממנו להאכיל ללוי שבעירו עם שאר העניים . ועיין מה שכתבתי על כי תכלה לעשר ( למטה כ"ו י"ב ).
That is, the words בַּשָּׁנָה הַהִוא, "in that year," could theoretically bind to one of two others parts of that verse. It could bind to "your produce," in which case it would refer to the produce of that year. Thus, only in the third year does maaser ani apply. Alternatively, it could bind to "at the end of three years," in which case it would refer to your actions during that year, but to the tithes of the produce of all three years.
For various peshat considerations, Shadal believes the latter is the correct binding. And he claims that the trup supports him in this. I generated a trup chart based on this pasuk, and the result is to the right. See how bashana hahi branches off first, rather than within some branch of maasar tevuasecha. This is presumably what Shadal means.
Shadal's idea is thus as follows. There is only one maaser. And that is supposed to be eaten in Yerushalayim. But it is possible that one did not get to Yerushalayim, or consume all of it there. There will then be left-overs, and at the end of the third year is a type of biur maaser. And that food goes to the Levite and to the pauper.
There are many differences here from traditional halacha. First, it empowers one to give the maaser food of every year to the Levite and pauper, albeit only at the end of a period of time. Second, there is no special maaser to the Levi and pauper, but rather it is what is supposed to be eaten in Yerushalayim. (Thus, people living in Yerushalayim could give no maaser.) And so on. How will he square this with halachic practice? We will see below how he brings his peshat and halachic practice closer together.
He makes reference to his explanation in Devarim 26:12, in parshat Ki Tavo, where there is a biur maaser.
Shadal writes:
That is, the words בַּשָּׁנָה הַהִוא, "in that year," could theoretically bind to one of two others parts of that verse. It could bind to "your produce," in which case it would refer to the produce of that year. Thus, only in the third year does maaser ani apply. Alternatively, it could bind to "at the end of three years," in which case it would refer to your actions during that year, but to the tithes of the produce of all three years.
For various peshat considerations, Shadal believes the latter is the correct binding. And he claims that the trup supports him in this. I generated a trup chart based on this pasuk, and the result is to the right. See how bashana hahi branches off first, rather than within some branch of maasar tevuasecha. This is presumably what Shadal means.
Shadal's idea is thus as follows. There is only one maaser. And that is supposed to be eaten in Yerushalayim. But it is possible that one did not get to Yerushalayim, or consume all of it there. There will then be left-overs, and at the end of the third year is a type of biur maaser. And that food goes to the Levite and to the pauper.
There are many differences here from traditional halacha. First, it empowers one to give the maaser food of every year to the Levite and pauper, albeit only at the end of a period of time. Second, there is no special maaser to the Levi and pauper, but rather it is what is supposed to be eaten in Yerushalayim. (Thus, people living in Yerushalayim could give no maaser.) And so on. How will he square this with halachic practice? We will see below how he brings his peshat and halachic practice closer together.
He makes reference to his explanation in Devarim 26:12, in parshat Ki Tavo, where there is a biur maaser.
Shadal writes:
כי תכלה לעשר : ענין הפרשה הזאת מבולבל מאד לשיטת רז"ל , שהרי לדבריהם ( מעשר שני פרק ה ' משנה י '; ספרי כי תבוא פיסקא ג ') היא מדברת בשלושה מיני מעשרות , אע"פ שהכתוב לא הבדיל ביניהם כלל ; כי הנה לדבריהם ונתת ללוי - מעשר ראשון , ולגר ליתום ולאלמנה - מעשה עני , לא אכלתי באוני - מעשר שני ; והנה הכתוב מזכירו תמיד בלשון יחיד , כאילו אינו אלא אחד : וגם נתתיו , לא אכלתי באוני ממנו וגו ', נראה שאינו אלא אחד . לפיכך נראה לי שאין הכתוב מדבר אלא במעשר אחד , והוא מעשר שני הנאכל לבעלים בירושלים , ומפני שהיה קרוב הדבר , שלא יספיקו הבעלים לאכלו כולו בירושלם , ציותה תורה שיוציאו אותו בעירם וייתנוהו ללוי ולעני . והנה בכל שנה שלישית היה בעל הבית לוקח עמו מה שהיה יכול לאכול בירושלים , והשאר היה מניח בעירו ומוציאו לעניים , ובהיותו בירושלים היה אומר : עתה השלמתי לבערו מביתי , כי קצתו אכלתי כמשפט וקצתו נתתי לעניים ; והיה המאמר הזה כדברי רשב " ם לבלתי יעכבם לעצמו בביתו , כי כשהוא צריך להתודות על זה לפני ה ' בהיכלו , לא ימלאהו לבו לשקר ; ועיין מה שכתבתי למעלה י"ד כ"ח . ונראה כי אחר שרבו הרמאים הגוזלים מתנות עניים והיו אומרים לעניים : אין לנו שום מותר מעשר שני לתת לכם , כי כבר אכלנוהו בירושלם - גזרו חכמים כי בשנה השלישית לא יפרישו מעשר שני , אבל המעשר שמפרישים יהיה כולו לעניים .
His point is that in this vidui maaser, only a single maaser is referred to, throughout.
He then takes steps to establish, practically, our halacha. He makes it into a Rabbinic institution not to bring maasar to Yerushalayim in the third year, because people were being dishonest to paupers and telling them that they did not have any left over, for it was already consumed in Jerusalem. Therefore, they instituted that none would be eaten in Yerushalayim and all would be given to paupers, as one was empowered to do Biblically. And the Biblical vidui maaser mentioned in Ki Tavo, that all was disposed of properly, was for similar purpose -- so he won't come to lie.
He then takes steps to establish, practically, our halacha. He makes it into a Rabbinic institution not to bring maasar to Yerushalayim in the third year, because people were being dishonest to paupers and telling them that they did not have any left over, for it was already consumed in Jerusalem. Therefore, they instituted that none would be eaten in Yerushalayim and all would be given to paupers, as one was empowered to do Biblically. And the Biblical vidui maaser mentioned in Ki Tavo, that all was disposed of properly, was for similar purpose -- so he won't come to lie.
2 comments:
SOmetimes a person doesn't tithe properly and doesn't know it. a kabbalist such as rabbi kimmel will be able to see your neshama and tell you the tikunim you need to do.
http://youtu.be/blIem32IET8
Can you explain your connection to Rabbi Kimmel?
Also, does Rabbi Kimmel have semicha? If so, from where?
Thanks,
Josh
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