Thursday, May 07, 2009

Why would someone recommend rubber soles as a tznius stringency?

In a recent ad calling on women to accept tznius stringencies to help the bachurim in Japan who unwittingly smuggled ecstasy, there was a call to make sure that the soles on a woman's shoes were of rubber: "Shoes/heels with a rubber sole"

The obvious intent of this is that the sound of a woman's footsteps are non-tznius. I am no expert in tznius, so I don't know if there is any halachic discussion of this anywhere, though I would doubt it.

I see that HaEmtza is bothered by this particulat tznius suggestion as well.

In all likelihood, especially since she also promoted Rabbi Falk's book Oz veHadar Levushah, she got it from there. Indeed, he discusses it on a page not in the online preview of the book, on page 347: "Not to walk with loud or sophisticated footsteps"

I have not seen his derivation, so I am going to guess at this. I think I've developed some sense at how he goes about, going against Chazal by innovating new halachos, by darshening pesukim in Navi by himself. If you have seen the text in the book, please help me by telling me if I am right, or if I am wrong, telling me what he actually says.

There is a strong likelihood that he gets it from a pasuk in Yeshaya, since this is a text he commonly uses when inventing his tznius chumras. In Yeshaya 3:
טז וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה, יַעַן כִּי גָבְהוּ בְּנוֹת צִיּוֹן, וַתֵּלַכְנָה נטוות (נְטוּיוֹת) גָּרוֹן, וּמְשַׂקְּרוֹת עֵינָיִם; הָלוֹךְ וְטָפֹף תֵּלַכְנָה, וּבְרַגְלֵיהֶם תְּעַכַּסְנָה. 16 Moreover the LORD said: Because the daughters of Zion are haughty, and walk with stretched-forth necks and wanton eyes, walking and mincing as they go, and making a tinkling with their feet;
Anything a woman is mentioned using in this perek, Rabbi Falk forbids, sometimes against explicit gemaras, as I have discussed in previous posts.

One can focus on וּבְרַגְלֵיהֶם תְּעַכַּסְנָה. That phrase can mean different things. For example, Rashi, following the gemara, understands this as spraying venom:

The pasuk is thus: And the Lord said: Because the daughters of Zion are so haughty; and they walk with neck stretched forth, and winking eyes; walking and raising themselves they walk; and with their feet they spout "venom."

and with their feet they spout venom: When they would pass in the street near Jewish youths, they would stamp their feet and hint to them of the affection of the adulteresses, in order to arouse their temptation, like the venom of a serpent. עֶכֶס is the venom of a serpent.

This "spouting venom" involves stamping. With rubber soles you cannot stamp loudly. But these were the actions of women going out of there way to seduce, and be adulteresses. This does not mean that other, stamping is problematic; of that in a culture where men do not understand the "hint" of stamping. And if they intend nothing by the stamping and the men don't intuit anything from it, who says it is a problem? And if it is just regular walking, rather than emphatic stamping, who says it is problematic. Show me a gemara assuring stamping, or of walking with non-rubber soles.

Chazal, in Shabbat 62b, interpreted the pasuk slightly differently:
And making a tinkling [te'akasnah] with their feet: R. Isaac of the School of R. Ammi said: This teaches that they placed myrrh and balsam in their shoes and walked through the market-places of Jerusalem, and on coming near to the young men of Israel, they kicked their feet and spurted it on them, thus instilling them with passionate desire like with serpent's poison.
Thus, they interpret it as kicking their feet specifically to distribute the perfume which they previously placed in their shoes. This is not the case of the conduct of women walking today without rubber soles on their shoes. (Rashi probably deviated slightly from the gemara in the interests of peshat, since spraying poison/perfume does not seem to be the most peshat-oriented explanation.)

We do have Ibn Ezra and Radak who speak of what is by their feet making noise. But we don't establish halacha based on a peshat given by a medieval commentator, just as we don't change halachic times and say night follows day, despite Rashbam's interpretation of Bereishit like that, or stop wearing tefillin if Rashbam says that on a peshat level it is allegorical.

What do Radak and Ibn Ezra say? Well, Ibn Ezra on תְּעַכַּסְנָה writes that they put achasim, perhaps anklets, or perhaps spurs, on their feet, like men who ride. (That it mentions men who ride makes me think spurs, and in medieval times they had spurs.) Then he mentions that some people say that the anklets/spurs (achasim) made noise.

But these were specific decorations, perhaps for the particular intent of making noise, and specifically with the intent to entice the men. This is not the same as a normal women walking with normal shoes, that happen to make normal noise when one walks. Ibn Ezra does not say that these are shoes without rubber soles.

Radak also understands these to make noise, but a tinkling noise. He says that they would knock their feet with the achasim which were on them, which were bells, and produce a sound.

Surely this deliberate action, with bells, is not the same as non-deliberate action, with normal shoes which normal men and women wear.

8 comments:

mother in israel said...

It's mentioned in one of the Keren articles--she advised women to switch their heels--and in a book by R. Sofer, Mishbetzot Zahav Levusha:
הבעיות הנפוצות בנעליים, מתמקדות במספר מישורים:
1. נעליים מרעישות-שקולן נשמע בהליכה.
He also forbids sport shoes.

Akiva said...

Wow, I feel seriously behind the times in my chumra awareness! Anyone have recommended reading to keep up with the chumra propagation?

I don't want my daughter to miss a shidduch because I missed a chumra, G-d forbid.

justme said...

I'd guess the source for this is the story of r chananya ben tradyon's daughter and the pesiyos naos that the roman soldiers noticed. R falk has an interpretation of pseios naos based on the mesilas yesharim in which he assumes naos=tsniusdik (I would read the mesilas yesharim differently, but he is assuming the mesilas yesharim is equating naos with tsnius)

You can find the quote from r Falk here (R eidensohn's post)
http://www.aishdas.org/avodah/vol15/v15n056.shtml#top

The context of the MY is that he says that someone can do a good deed but it is wrong based on his intentions. He then gives the example of bruria's sister, and R Falk - as I understand him - is therefore assuming the example is an exact parallel, that pesios naos are davka a positive spiritually, and therefore tzniusdik. HOwever, my reading is that the MY simply is giving an example that is not an exact parallel, but rather a neutral behavior (pesios naos)or a behavior that is good, but not in particular spiritual, that becomes wrong when e her intent changed b/c of their compliment. IOW I dont think pesios naos was a good tsniusdik walk, but simply a nice walk which is a neutral to positive thing, the gemara is praising her walk not b/c of tsnius, but b/c it is nice which isOK on its own but wasn't once her motivation changed. Therefore I do not see this as a source that one's footsteps should be refined and especially tsniusdik, but on the contrary that a nice walk is fine as long as not done to attract attention.

joshwaxman said...

thanks. i'm not sure that this would give him noisy walking in particular. he indeed goes on about this tzniusdik steps of the daughter of R' Chanina ben Tradion on page 47 of his book, as Rabbi Eidensohn notes (see here), again with the idea of doing a good deed for wrong motivation as interpretation.

I would agree with you that this is a rather unlikely interpretation of the gemara, with her soft steps somehow reflecting her refinement ("soft, and unassertive", but the ikkar is chaser min hasefer, and it is something he reads into this source).

On page 348, just after that one missing page, he has other sources about women walking. He mentions immediately Yeshaya, which makes me guess that he mentioned Yeshaya above as well; and Taz; and he compares to Shir Hashirim 7:2 about "how sublime and refines are your feet in shoes."

kt,
josh

Jeremy said...

Josh-

I think you have to finally suck it up and buy the book.

We'll wait excitedly for a thorough review.

joshwaxman said...

you're certainly right.
in the meantime, i think my guess is right on this particular derivation, because he lumps noisy with sophisticated, and sophisticated he certainly would get from the pasuk in Yeshaya, as he says on the next page. though it remains only a guess, until i get that book.
i have another post in the works on another element mentioned in the advertisement, also found in his book, in a page I can see, about eating in public...
kt,
josh

GilaB said...

I had thought this was an issue limited to the Taliban (who banned hard-soled shoes for women when they ruled Afghanistan, on the grounds that they made too much noise and thus attracted attention), but apparently not.

Anonymous said...

I should email my friend about it.

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