Sunday, October 14, 2007

Noach: Where Is Shem's Blessing?

In parshat Noach, the title character curses Canaan and blesses Shem and Yefet. Bereishit 9:

כד וַיִּיקֶץ נֹחַ, מִיֵּינוֹ; וַיֵּדַע, אֵת אֲשֶׁר-עָשָׂה לוֹ בְּנוֹ הַקָּטָן. 24 And Noah awoke from his wine, and knew what his youngest son had done unto him.
כה וַיֹּאמֶר, אָרוּר כְּנָעַן: עֶבֶד עֲבָדִים, יִהְיֶה לְאֶחָיו. 25 And he said: Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren.
כו וַיֹּאמֶר, בָּרוּךְ ה אֱלֹהֵי שֵׁם; וִיהִי כְנַעַן, עֶבֶד לָמוֹ. 26 And he said: Blessed be the LORD, the God of Shem; and let Canaan be their servant.
כז יַפְתְּ אֱלֹהִים לְיֶפֶת, וְיִשְׁכֹּן בְּאָהֳלֵי-שֵׁם; וִיהִי כְנַעַן, עֶבֶד לָמוֹ. 27 God enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem; and let Canaan be their servant.
Canaan clearly receives a curse -- to be "a servant of servants to his brethren." And this is echoed in the following two verses. Yefet receives a blessing -- God shall enlarge him, he will dwell in the tents of Shem.

But what is Shem's blessing? An intruding brother (Yefet) who won't give him privacy? Perhaps we could say that Canaan being their servant is part of the blessing.

But in the verse itself which would seem to lay out Shem's blessing (pasuk 26), all we really have is a blessing of Hashem! "Blessed be the LORD, the God of Shem." How is this a blessing to him.

I would suggest an al tikra here. Besides reading baruch hashem elokei shem, read instead baruch hashem oholei Shem. That is, reverse the heh and the lamed in the word. Then we have "Oh God, Bless the tents of Shem." This nicely matches the oholei Shem in next verse, where it states "Oh God, Enlarge Yefet, and he will dwell in the tents of Shem."

An addition potential blessing of Shem: Translate יַפְתְּ אֱלֹהִים לְיֶפֶת, וְיִשְׁכֹּן בְּאָהֳלֵי-שֵׁם as "and He will dwell in the tents of Shem," thus denoting a special relationship with God, the elokei Shem of the previous verse.

On an unrelated note, I recall from Dr. Steiner's class (and if I get this wrong, or it seems wrong, it is my fault, not his) that segholates, that is words with the pattern of segol segol, or patach patach, early on in development were on the pattern patach sheva. Thus, eved was initially avd, and melech was initially malk. We see that history when we add suffixes to the words. Thus, melech becomes malki. The insertion of the segol segol pattern was to aid in pronunciation. This is also why the segholates are pronounced mile'el rather than milera. Therefore, at the time of Noach, the play on words works even better for Yefet:
כז יַפְתְּ אֱלֹהִים לְיֶפֶת, וְיִשְׁכֹּן בְּאָהֳלֵי-שֵׁם; וִיהִי כְנַעַן, עֶבֶד לָמוֹ. 27 God enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem; and let Canaan be their servant.
would be pronounced as yaft elokim leYaft.

4 comments:

Anonymous said...

R Josh,

The drash on the baruch Hashem doesn't match the dikduk. If a command, it is Barech, Hashem, etc, so there would also need to be a mafsik in the trop.

Anonymous said...

Are you (Josh) proposing a textual emendation?

joshwaxman said...

Anonymous1:

Indeed.

Anonymous2:
No, an al tikra, in the realm of midrash. As it stands, the Elokei/Ohalei juxtaposition is meant to get one thinking along these terms, I think. Unless it is just poetic reuse of similar sounds.

The merits or demerits of such an emendation as a matter of Lower Biblical Criticism is not something I was attempting to address in the post, though of course I was cognizant of the possibility.

Anonymous said...

HOW ABOUT WHAT IS UP WITH CURSING 3 TIMES IS HE TRYING TO ESTABLISH A cHAZAKAH SORT OF REPETATIVE
1)אָרוּר כְּנָעַן: עֶבֶד עֲבָדִים, יִהְיֶה לְאֶחָיו
2)וִיהִי כְנַעַן, עֶבֶד
3)וִיהִי כְנַעַן, עֶבֶד לָמוֹ

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