Some followup to this post:
If you look at Rashi and Tosafot on the first daf, it is clear that they consider the brayta in the yerushalmi to encompass not just the first statement - תני הקורא קודם לכן לא יצא ידי חובתו - but the question - אם כן למה קורין אותה בבית הכנסת - and Rabbi Yossi's answer - אמר רבי יוסי אין קורין אותה בבית הכנסת בשביל לצאת ידי חובתו אלא כדי לעמוד בתפילה מתוך דבר של תורה - as well.
This is one of the difficulties of yerushalmi - since both Tannaim and Amoraim are from Eretz Yisrael, they are both called Rabbi rather than Rav, such that it is not easy to distinguish between the two. So they take Rabbi Yossi to be a Tanna, and thus part of the brayta. (Actually from Tos' quote, it is not clear they have the words אמר רבי יוסי.) I think stylistically the Q and A are analysis of, rather than part of, the brayta, such that Rabbi Yossi is an Amora, with all the implications I spelled out in my previous post.
Note also Tosafot on the first daf suggests at some point that this brayta (the one including Rabbi Yossi) if interpreted to mean that you are really not yotzei during maariv, would coincide with the opinion of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi, which he feels is problematic because it is clear from other actions of Amoraic that we rule in accordance with Rabbi Yochanan, and against Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi. This is then similar to my suggestion. Also, the Rif said we rule in accordance with Rabbi Yochanan because he has a brayta supporting him. But according to Rashi and Tosafot, so would Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi.
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